McKinley 1 Essays - Americas, Cuba, Chivalry, Eastern Bloc

McKinley 1 Case 2 There is definitely a fine line drawn between the protocol of physician, and an area where things could be considered as a personal matter. However, it isn't a physician's standpoint to rule out any procedure that a parent uses on their child, if its intent is to heal and not harm. If a physician encounters a situation such as the "coining", they should always be prepared to listen to whatever the parent had to say. From there on out, by all means the physician then has the right to offer their knowledgeable advice to the parent especially if the procedure has caused pain and or discomfort to th e child. Overall, tho se type of situations can be tricky in a physician's profession, it all boils down to them knowing limits and guidelines to not cross. No physician could be expected to understand the beliefs and practices of so many differing faith communities. At first glance, the simplest solution suggests that physicians avoid religious or spiritual content in the doctor-patient interaction. Patients should understand instructions from their physicians and be able to repeat them in their own words. Potential cultural conflicts between a physician and patient include differing attitudes towards time, personal space, eye contact, body language, and even what is important in life. Collectively, no physician has authority in intervene in the self-healings of any culture. I t is evident to us that the assumption that all patients possess little medical knowledge can create alienation between patient and physician . Therefore, a physician should never be concerned with alienating any ethnicity from modern medicine. It is not their job to convince or persuade a patient that modern medicine is more fit to heal, but it is necessary for them to inform McKinley 2 them of possible mishaps if they aren't utilized. Physicians have a difficult position to determine what methods are best to treat at times, but there's no room for error. There's always grounds for physicians to educate patients on treatments, but never for them to abandon one who doesn't typically agree with modern practices. No, p hysicians often encounter childhood injuries and conditions that test their knowledge of what is considered child abuse and neglect and when to report their suspicions. Some situations pose ethical dilemma s that are not easily resolved. Understanding what constitutes child maltreatment and having a plan for making decisions about it can reduce the burden of physicians' duty to report their suspicions effectively and appropriately. In the case presented here, there's no physical or verbal evidence that the child has been intentionally abused, neglected, sexually assaulted, malnourished, or possesses no pattern of abuse. Physicians, however required by law to report these cases to officials if any of the listed occurs. This particular case exposes the beliefs and principles of deontology. Deontology is simply the study of the nature of duty and obligation. An employer has deontic authority in the act of issuing an order that the employee is obliged to accept and obey regardless of its reliability or appropriateness. Ethically, deontology constitutes differences between consequentialism, virtue ethics, and pragmatic ethics. When these ethics are understood and practices, actions greatly over shadows consequences. McKinley 3 Yes, and because e ugenics is a movement that is aimed at improving the genetic composition of the human race. Historically, eugenicists advocated selective b reeding to achieve these goals. Today we have technologies that make it possible to more directly alter the genetic composition of an individual. However, people differ in their views on how to best (and ethically) use this technology. E ugenicists in the U.S. focused on efforts to stop the transmission of negative or "undesirable" traits from generation to generation. PGD for gender selection is only justified if a couple's family history includes a particular sex-linked genetic disorder; that is, a disorder that predominantly or exclusively affects babies of one gender . It could also be justifiable for parents to choose a gender if there's already multiple boys or girls, or lack of either in the family that's being created. Usually the sex of a child isn't more important than what diseases or disorders that a child will carry. That's why

The Factors That Influence Travel Decision Making Tourism Essay Essays

The Factors That Influence Travel Decision Making Tourism Essay Essays The Factors That Influence Travel Decision Making Tourism Essay Essay The Factors That Influence Travel Decision Making Tourism Essay Essay This chapter consists of three parts. First is debut, following is literature reappraisals that review the critical points of old researches including substantial determination every bit good as theoretical and methodological parts to this similar subject. Last, a decision to this chapter. Research in the country of travel motivations is of import in understanding and foretelling the factors that influence travel decision-making ( Cha, S. , McCleary, K.W. and Uysal, M. , 1995 ) . Motivation is theoretically viewed as a province of demand, a status that serves as a driving force to expose different sorts of behavior toward certain types of activities, developing penchants, geting at some expected satisfactory result. ( Backman, K.F. Backman, S.J. , Uysal, M. and Sunshine, K.M.,1995 ) In peculiar, an apprehension of motive aid sellers attempts to accomplish and fulfill persons diverse desires and demands, cardinal elements that influence the procedure of travellers decision-making ( Crompton, J.L. and McKay S.L.,1997 ) . Surveies of motive therefore provide to foretell traveller s personal demands, outlooks, accomplishments, or benefits sought ( Formica, S. and Uysal, M.,1998 ) . A brief reappraisal of travel motive research ( Table 1 ) published in three major touristry diaries Annalss of Tourism Research, Tourism Management, and Journal of Travel Research revealed that bing surveies have covered a broad scope of the spectrum, there are included the sociology of travel motive as a stimulator of existent behaviour ( Dann 1977 ; Mansfeld 1992 ) ; travel motive of different niche markets ( Clift and Forrest 1999 ; Dunn Ross and Iso-Ahola 1991 ; Hsu, Cai, and Wong 2007 ; Maoz 2007 ; Qu and Ping 1999 ; Rittichainuwat 2008 ) ; the development or empirical trial of travel motive measurings ( Crompton 1979 ; Dann 1981 ; Fodness 1994 ; Ryan and Glendon 1998 ) ; differences in motive among tourers with varied nationality and cultural backgrounds ( Kim and Prideaux 2005 ; Maoz 2007 ) , figure of visits ( Lau and McKercher 2004 ) , finishs and beginnings ( Kozak 2002 ) , sociodemographic feature ( Jang and Wu 2006 ; Fleischer and Pizam 2002 ) , or environmental attitu de ( Luo and Deng 2008 ) . Writers Survey Dann 1977 A sociological survey of travel motive, with a focal point on the push dimension of motive. Crompton 1979 The motive for pleasance holiday. Seven motive factors were identified through interviews. Dann 1981 Based on a literature reappraisal on travel motive, seven attacks of motive survey were identified. The use of different nomenclatures was besides discussed Dunn Ross and Iso-Ahola 1991 Motivation of sightseeing tourers in relation to their satisfaction Mansfeld 1992 The function of motive in travel behaviour and its complex nature Paul 1992 Travel motive of Canadian ecotourists Parrinello 1993 Relationship between expectancy and motive in postindustrial societies in the context of Western Europe Fodness 1994 A measurement graduated table was developed for leisure travel with 20 points. Lieux, weaver ; and McCleary 1994 Benefit cleavage of senior tourers from the United States Gnoth 1997 Development of theoretical theoretical account on motive and outlook formation Formica and Uysal 1998 Benefit cleavage of visitants to a cultural-historical event in Italy Ryan and Glendon 1998 The Leisure Motivation Scale was applied to tourism with British tourists. An brief version of holiday motive graduated table with 14 points was developed. Waller and Lea 1998 Relationship between genuineness seeking and enjoyment. The cognition dimension of motive was found to intercede this relationship. Clift and Forrest 1999 The motive of cheery work forces in relation to the type of finishs they preferred in the context of the United Kingdom Qu and Ping 1999 Motivation of sail choice in the context of Hong Kong Goossens 2000 The function of emotional constituent of travel motive in exciting existent travel behaviour Fleischer and Pizam 2002 Relationship between motive and Israeli senior travellers income and wellness Kozak 2002 Differences of motive among tourers sing different finishs and tourer from different states sing same finish with respondents from the United Kingdom and Germany Sirakaya, Uysal, and Yoshioka 2003 Benefits cleavage of Nipponese tourers to Turkey Lau and McKercher Differences of travel motive between first-time and repeat visitants to Hong Kong Kim and Prideaux 2005 A cross-cultural analysis on travel motive to South Korea among five national tourer groups Pearce and Lee 2005 Further development of the Travel Career Ladder by presenting Travel Career Pattern ( TCP ) . The relationship between old experience and motive was explored by TCP. Yoon and Uysal 2005 Causal relationship between push-pull motives, satisfaction, and finish trueness. Pull factors were found to negatively act upon satisfaction. Jang and Wu 2006 Influences of sociodemographic factors, economic position, wellness position, and positive and negative effects on travel motive among Chinese seniors Chang, wall, and Chu 2006 Benefits cleavage utilizing the freshness seeking graduated table in the context of Chinese tourers to Aboriginal attractive forces Nicolau and Mas 2006 Influences of travel distance and monetary value on finish choice, with travel motive as a moderator in the context of Spain Poria, Reichel, and Biran 2006 Relationship between perceptual experience of heritage as it is related to the tourers ain heritage and motive explored before the trip Snerpenger et Al. 2006 Tourists and recreationist were comparing utilizing Iso-Ahola s motive theory. The relationship between motive and old holidaies was investigated. Swanson and Horridge 2006 Causal relationship between keepsake shopping and four motivational factors in the context of Southwestern United States Beh and Bruyere 2007 Benefits cleavage in the context of Kenya Hsu, Cai, and Wong 2007 A theoretical theoretical account of senior travel motive in the context of China Maoz 2007 Travel motive of Israeli backpackers, investigated in relation to national and cultural features Luo and Deng 2008 Relationship between environmental attitude and nature-based touristry motive Rittichainuwat 2008 Travel motive to a touristry finish, utilizing the disaster-hit beach resort in Phuket as an illustration. Comparison was made between domestic and inward tourers, and between tourers of different ages and genders. Park and Yoon 2009 Benefit cleavage of rural touristry in the context of South Korea Table1. Brief Summary of Studies on Travel Motivation ( Adopted from Cathy H.C. Hsu, Liping A. Cai and Mimi Li, 2009 ) Many research workers from different Fieldss such as from sociology, anthropology, and psychological science have investigated travel motive since many old ages ago ( Cohen, 1972 ; Dann, 1977 ; Crompton, 1979 ; Gnoth, 1997 ) . Maslow s hierarchal theory of motive was one of the most applied in touristry literature ( 1970 ) and it was model as a pyramid whose base consists of the physiological demands, followed by higher degrees of psychological demands and the demand for self-actualization. Numerous touristry bookmans have attempted to modify the theoretical account through empirical observation, with the noteworthy success by Pearce ( 1982 ) , who projected a touristry motive theoretical account that mirrors the theoretical account of Maslow, but free of predominance premise. Carry throughing Prestige Push Seeking Relaxation Factors Sightsing Assortment Deriving Knowledge Events and Activities Pull Adventure Factors History and Culture Easy Access and Affordable A reappraisal of past researches on tourer motive indicates that the analysis of motives based on the two dimensions of push and pull factors have been by and large accepted ( Yuan A ; McDonald, 1990 ; Uysal A ; Hagan, 1993 ) . The construct behind push and pull dimension is that people travel because they are pushed by their ain inner forces and pulled by the outer forces of finish properties. Most of the push factors that are origin-related are intangible or intrinsic desires of the single travellers. Pull factors, frailty versa, are those that emerge because of the attraction of that peculiar finish, as the travellers perceive it. They include touchable resources and travellers perceptual experience and outlook such as benefit outlook, freshness and marketed image of the finish. A research theoretical account is so developing based on this theory at below diagram ( adapted from Baloglu A ; Uysal, 1996 ) . Travel Motivation Crompton ( 1979 ) foremost sought to pull seven socio-psychological, or push motivations such as flight, self-exploratory, relaxation, prestigiousness, arrested development, kinship-enhancement, and societal interaction ) and two cultural, or draw motivations that are novelty and instruction. The conceptual model that he developed would giving impact the choice of a finish, and this attack implies that the finish can hold some grade of influence on holiday behaviour in run intoing an aroused demand. As Crompton s initial empirical attempt, many surveies have attempted to acknowledge push and pull motivational factors in different scenes such as nationalities, finishs and events ( Jang and Wu, 2006 ) . Example integrated Yuan and McDonald s ( 1990 ) survey on motives for abroad travel from four states: Japan, France, West Germany and UK. While Uysal and Jurowski ( 1993 ) studied, the nature and extent of the mutual relationship between push and pull factors of motives for pleasance travel with utilizing informations from the Canadian Tourism Attribute and Motivation Survey. Another survey in Australia examined the nature and utility of the relationship between these two factors of motive by using canonical correlativity analysis ( Oh, H. , M. , A ; Uysal, P. Weaver, 1995 ) . Baloglu and Uysal ( 1996 ) claimed that the construct of merchandise packages is used to mention to the sensed significance of the interaction between push and pull points of motive. This implies that certain grounds for travel may match to certain benefits that are to be valued and obtained at the finish topographic point. Based on the intrinsic and extrinsic motives, as discussed above, the single tourer physiques their perceptual experiences, and the perceptual experiences can be differ from the true properties of the merchandise depending on how the single receives and procedure information ( Gartner, 1993 ; Dann, 1996 ; Baloglu and Brinberg, 1997 ) . A general decision can be drawn that the personal motivations or called push motivations and the position of the features of the touristry finish ( pull motivations ) determine perceptual experiences. These motivations interact in dynamic and germinating context ( Correia, 2000 ) , and the tourer motive is seen as a multidimensional construct that indicates tourist determination ( McCabe, 2000 ) . As touristry paradigm is related to human existences and human nature, it is ever a complex proposition to analyze why people travel and what they want to bask ( Yoon and Uysal, 2005 ) . In most surveies, it is by and large accepted that push and pull motives have been chiefly utilized in surveies of tourer behaviour. The finds and issues doubtless play a usage function in trying to understand a broad different of demands and wants that can drive and act upon tourer behaviour. Nevertheless, Yoon and Uysal ( 2005 ) said that the consequences and effects of the motive surveies of tourer behaviour need more than an apprehension of their demands and wants. In touristry finish direction, it was by and large agree that maximising travel satisfaction is important for a successful concern. The rating of the physical merchandises of finish every bit good as the psychological reading of a finish merchandise are of import for human actions ( Swan and Comb, 1976 ; Uysal and Noe, 2003 ) , which could be farther represented as a travel satisfaction and finish fidelity. Both constructs can be examined within the context of a touristry system stand foring two major constituents of the market topographic point, viz. , demand ( tourer ) and supply ( touristry attractive forces ) which demand refers to motivations ( push factors ) that sustain tourers desire while lissome relates to finish s features ( pull factors ) ( Jurowski et al. , 1996 ) . Push and pull factors have by and large been characterized to two separate determinations made at two separate period in clip one focussing on whether to travel, the other on where to travel. For case, Dann ( 1981 ) noted that once the trip has been decided upon, where to travel, what to see or what to make ( associating to the specific finishs ) can be tackled and this make a conclude that, analytically, both logically and temporally, push factors precede pull factor . Although these two factors has been viewed as associating to two distinguishable determinations, several research workers have distinguished that they should non be viewed as operating wholly independent of each other s. For illustration, it has suggested that people travel because they are pushed by their ain intrinsic forces and at the same time pulled by the extrinsic forces such as the finish and its properties ( Cha, McCleary, and Uysal 1995 ; Uysal and Jurowskil, 1994 ) . However, Crompton ( 1979 ) argued, push factors may be utile non merely in explicating the initial rousing, stimulating, or push ; to take a holiday, but may besides hold directing potency to direct the tourer toward a peculiar finish ( p.412 ) . Several empirical scrutinies of push and pull factors had been reported in the travel and touristry literature. Of the anterior research that examined the pupils and/or spring interruption travel market ( Butts, F.B. , J. Salazar, K. Sapio, and D. Thomas, 1996 ; Field, 1999 ; Hobson and Josiam, 1992,1996 ; Hsu and Sung, 1996,1997 ; Sirakaya and McLellan, 1997 ) , there have been no probes of push forces and merely a smattering of efforts to analyze the pull factors act uponing pupils finish pick determination. In another survey, conducted by Hobson and Josiam ( 1992 ) , pupils were asked to name their primary ground for taking a spring interruption finish and most responses referred to the influence of friends and/or household populating near or traveling to the finish, other grounds referred to destination-related properties such as the finish holding s spring interruption party repute, warm conditions, low-cost pricing, quiet environment, good skiing, or good beaches.

Manage budgets and financial plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Manage budgets and financial plans - Essay Example Effective communication is made up of voice clarity, subject appropriateness, and language simplicity. Clarity is an important component of effective communication. Unless communication between individuals or groups is clear, communication will lack direction and can be misinterpreted. Communication is a vital link in our life. Business dealings, financial markets, legal or medical opinions, education, sports or entertainment are all a part of our life. To sustain or succeed, communication is vital. Wars have been won and lost through the use of effective and non-effective communication. Subject appropriateness is another component of effective communication. I, as a speaker must be able to deliver precise, subjective information to make you and others receptive to what I say. If I were to repeatedly go on lecturing without any participation from the audience, the whole exercise would lose its importance and nullify the objective. Also, if I were to go on stage and make a presentatio n without proper preparation, it may end up being monotonous, elaborate and finally go down as being a drab. An unprepared elaborate speech will only rebuke the audience. No one likes to be held up by lengthy lectures or speeches. The listener/audience will soon begin to lose interest and direction. Time is precious. Effective communication must thus be precise and concise. Language simplicity is the third feature in effective communication. Use of strong language can harm the intent of such an exercise. Confusion will prevail. The purpose of making a point will be lost. What good would it be, if I were to use strong language that finds most people in the audience searching for meanings Simple language that is easily understood will make the presentation most effective. The idea is to make those present understand the focus of the presentation and at the same time the reason behind it. Thus, it must be said that for effective communication, clarity, appropriateness, and simple langu age is important. In order to understand how effective communication can deliver the desired results at a professional level, I have traced three potential scenarios: 1. An address to team leaders on the introduction of the annual budget 2. A departmental meeting citing the reason for a budgetary cut 3. A capital proposal in an operational area 2.0 Effective communication and strategies while introducing an annual budget: and explaining their responsibilities to the team leaders within your department To present a company's annual financial budget to leaders of various departments calls for very precise and informative data. First and foremost, I, as the speaker must be well versed with financial terms. I should be able to interpret and conclude to all team members the logic behind any thrust in funding a particular project or division. It must be understood that all information being spelt out by me is in keeping with the company's new policies, and approved by senior managers and board members. At no point of